Loss of Curing Agent During Thin Film (Droplet) Curing of Thermoset Material

Recently, it has been reported by our group and others^1.2 that loss of curing agent is encountered during the curing of small droplets or thin films of amine cured epoxies. In our earlier study³ results were reported on loss of curing agent in small droplets used in conducting the rnicrobond, single fiber test for determination of interfacial shear strength (ISS). It was reported that use of a volatile curing agent (meta-phenylene diamine (m-PDA) with DGEBA resin) resulted in increasing amounts of curing agent being lost (as measured by T₈ of the cured droplets) with decreasing droplet size during the processing procedure. Droplets smaller than 150 micrometers were seen to lose up to 40% of the curing agent leading to alteration of the mechanical properties of the droplet and, therefore, causing measured values of ISS to be exceedingly low. Use of a less volatile curing agent (Jeffamine 700, a polyether diamine, Texaco Specialty Chemicals) in combination with DGEBA resin produced results which indicated that loss of curing agent was not occuring. This study was undertaken to show the relationships between film (or droplet) size and the amount of curing agent lost (during the processing) for three different aminecured epoxy systems.     

煤的物理性质与电力生产

主要介绍煤的一些物理性质在其燃烧时产生的影响,以便更好地了解煤质对电力生产的影响。     

On‐line determination of the conversion in a styrene bulk polymerization batch reactor using near‐infrared spectroscopy

A fast on‐line method for measuring the monomer conversion of a styrene batch polymerization reaction with near‐infrared spectroscopy (NIR) has been developed. Multivariate calibration was performed, using polymer samples having temperatures around the set point of the batch reactor (75–85°C) and monomer conversions up to 35%. The calibration model was built in such a way that the effect of the temperature on the predicted conversion of the sample was minimized. The method was validated in a number of batch runs. In these runs, the batch temperature and molar mass distributions of the polymer were varied. At‐line size‐exclusion chromatography was used as a reference method for measuring the monomer conversion. Results show that on‐line conversion monitoring with NIR offered overall an excellent accuracy (～ 0.32% conversion). For high and low monomer conversions a small bias in the predicted conversion is present. The method proved to be insensitive to both relative large changes (10°C) of the batch temperature and to considerable changes of the molar mass distribution of the polymer. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 84: 90–98, 2002; DOI 10.1002/app.10241     

自适应B样条小波函数模糊距离测量方法

目的 双目测距和单目测距是目前常用的两种基于光学传感器的测距方法,双目测距需要相机标定和图像配准,计算量大且测量范围有限,而单目测距减少了对设备和场地的要求,加快了计算时间。为了解决现有的单目测距方法存在精度低、鲁棒性差等缺点,本文提出了一种基于单模糊图像和B样条小波变换的自适应距离测量方法。方法 引入拉普拉斯算子量化评估图像模糊程度,并根据模糊程度值自动定位阶跃边缘;利用B样条小波变换代替高斯滤波器主动模糊化目标图像,并通过分析图像模糊程度、模糊次数以及测量误差之间的关系模型,自适应地计算不同景物图像的最优模糊次数;根据最优模糊图像中阶跃边缘两侧模糊程度变化求解目标边缘和相机之间的相对距离。结果 本文方法与基于高斯模糊图像的距离测量方法相比精度更高,平均相对误差降低5%。使用不同模糊次数对同样的图像进行距离测量时,本文算法能够自适应选取最优模糊次数,保证所测量距离的精度更高。结论 本文提出的单视觉测距方法,综合了传统的方法和B样条小波的优点,测距结果更准确,自适应性和鲁棒性更高。     

A maximum self-esteem degree based feedback mechanism for group consensus reaching with the distributed linguistic trust propagation in social network

This paper focuses on consensus reaching process (CRP) under social network in which the trust relationship expressed by linguistic information. A new feedback mechanism in social network group decision making (SN-GDM) is proposed, which mainly consists of the following two aspects: (1) The propagation of distributed linguistic trust is investigated to study trust relation among experts; (2) A maximum self-esteem degree based feedback mechanism is developed to produce personalized advice for reaching higher group consensus. To do so, a novel linguistic trust propagation method is proposed to obtain the complete trust relationship among group. The self-esteem degree is used to define the extent that an individual makes concessions. Then, a maximum self-esteem degree based optimal feedback mechanism is built to produce personalized advice to help inconsistent experts make change of their opinion. Its novelty lies in the establishment of an optimization model with the nonlinear group self-esteem degree function as the objective function while group consensus threshold as the restrictions. Therefore, the inconsistent experts will reach a group consensus with the minimum loss of self-esteem degree, and then, it achieves the optimal balance between individual self-esteem and group consensus. Finally, a ranking process is applied to derive the appropriate consensus solution.     

京津冀水资源与经济社会协调度分析

为了实现京津冀三地水资源-经济-社会系统协调发展的目的,构建了京津冀水资源-经济-社会系统耦合协调度模型,以2007～2016年为研究时间段,综合运用熵值法、AHP法、耦合度与耦合协调度计算等分析了各子系统和综合系统的发展水平以及系统的协调程度。通过分析,可以得出以下结论:①区域内部存在着分化现象,综合发展水平由高到低依次为北京、天津、河北;河北水资源相对丰富而经济社会相对落后,天津的水资源水平发展最慢。②三地耦合度均高于耦合协调度,整体而言,水资源-经济-社会系统水平朝向愈加协调的方向发展,2016年天津、河北达到了高水平-高度协调状态,北京达到了高水平-极度协调状态。基于上述分析结果,从各子系统的发展角度提出了相应的对策及建议,以期促进京津冀三地的水资源-经济-社会系统的协调发展。     

基于BIM技术的装配式建筑设计阶段协同度评估

为评估BIM技术对装配式建筑设计阶段协同能力的影响程度,基于协同论序参量原理,把软件协同、专业协同作为协同度测度模型的一级指标,在一级指标下选取22个序参量分量指标构建协同度模型。结合具体案例,以装配式建筑设计阶段为研究对象,运用专家打分法将测量指标进行更明确的量化,并借助功效函数对构建的指标体系的协同能力进行评估计算。结果表明：由于BIM软件之间数据共享与转换格式的不统一,仍出现了信息丢失、传递效率低的现象;专业协同与理想状态有一定的差距,BIM技术有待完善。     

弹塑性SDOF体系地震输入归一化等效速度谱

为了确定弹塑性单自由度( single degree of freedom, SDOF)体系地震输入能,分析了中美场地土剪切波速转换关系,将从美国PEER地震记录数据库选取的220条强震记录按中国场地土类型进行分类,基于能量平衡原理,采用归一化方法,建议了一种基于复合强度指标的弹性SDOF体系三段式等效速度谱。分析了5类场地土条件下SDOF体系系统参数对地震输入等效速度谱的影响。研究结果表明：刚度折减系数对等效速度谱无明显影响;延性系数和阻尼比增大均对等效速度谱峰值和下降段衰减速度有削弱作用。综合考虑各类影响因素,通过参数多次拟合,得出弹性SDOF体系归一化等效速度谱峰值段及下降段修正系数,提出了一种适用于我国场地土类型、可直接供设计使用的弹塑性SDOF体系归一化等效速度谱确定方法,并验证了其有效性。     

一种改进的AprioriTid算法

针对经典Apriori算法多次扫描数据库产生I/O负载影响运行效率等问题,在对Apriori算法的原理及其相关改进算法研究的基础上,提出了一种基于压缩集的改进Apriori算法,即Apriori Tid_M算法.通过有效的裁剪方法减少无效项集的产生,减少候选项集的数量,从而提高算法的效率.仿真实验表明,在支持度相同但数据量不同,以及数据量相同但支持度不同这两种条件下,Apriori Tid_M算法在性能上和运算时间上都比Apriori算法有很大程度的改善.     

共享有限资源的有期限约束多工作流吞吐量最大化调度方法

为了进一步提高计算资源利用率,提出了工作流在分布式异构环境中的协同调度算法.首先,提出反向异构最早完成时间优先(heterogeneous earliest finish time,HEFH)调度策略,可以快速求出多个工作流中每个子任务的近似最晚开始时间和子期限,并基于最晚开始时间定义了当前任务相对宽松度的衡量指标,通过对比选出所有工作流中优先级最高的任务,在现有资源中寻找具有最早完成时间的时隙进行映射,并在资源不足时根据子期限及时判定出过饱和现象,合理丢弃用HEFT算法单独调度具有最小时隙的工作流,达到吞吐量最大化.结果表明:这种算法综合对比其他3种在吞吐量、浪费时隙率、公平度及时间复杂度方面有着较好性能.